Journal of Business and Accounting

INTRODUCTIONA concern has been raised by the President of the United States about the United States Postal Service (USPS) charging significantly discounted prices on the packages it ships for Amazon.com, Inc. (Amazon) (e.g., Lombardo & Ziobro, 2017)....

INTRODUCTIONThe professional business services industry, which includes accounting, auditing, attestation, tax preparation, bookkeeping, consulting, and payroll processing services, continues to be plagued with significantly higher than average job turnover...

INTRODUCTIONOne of the most impressive civilizations in history is that of the Romans. Most historians trace the Roman Empire over a period of many centuries. Depending of the historian, the Roman Empire began with the founding of Rome by the twin brothers...

INTRODUCTIONA red flag is a set of circumstances that are unusual in nature or that vary from normative activity. It is a signal that something out of the ordinary needs to be investigated further. Dinapoli (2006) notes that red flags do not indicate...

INTRODUCTIONCurrent business news articles document the lack of women in executive positions. Fewer Fortune 500 chief executives are women than are named John (Miller, Quealy, and Sanger-Katz, 2018). Women hold almost 52% of professional-level jobs,...

INTRODUCTIONAccounting for Oil and Gas companies has had a tumultuous history. There are two methods that are generally accepted for accounting for exploration costs for oil. These are the successful efforts method and the full-cost method. The successful...

INTRODUCTIONIn an effort to determine the ethical thought processes and moral decisionmaking abilities of our students, we administered the Defining Issues Test II (DIT2), which is widely used as a measure of cognitive moral decision-making, moral reasoning,...

INTRODUCTIONIn 2013, US states reported a total unfunded pension costs for state employees of $968 billion or 6.9% of aggregate state income (Pew 2017). Pension liabilities arise from state promises to its current and former employees (state workers)...

INTRODUCTIONWhile the typical price of a barrel of oil ranged from about $50-70 in 2018, the estimated cost of a barrel of spilled oil is about $19,800. The oil spill costs at Marshall, Michigan were as high as $60,000 per barrel in 2010! The purpose...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONIn a corporate pension funding study released in 2018, it was found that currently in the United States, publicly traded firms account for approximately $2.0 trillion in unfunded pension liabilities,...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONThe world is becoming increasingly data driven. Data analysis skills are required on any well-rounded resume. The proliferation of big data, the online presence of almost all consumers, and almost...

INTRODUCTIONWhen an insured has more than one policy that provides coverage for a claim, courts generally examine the "other insurance" clause in the policies to determine the order, and the amount, in which two or more policies must respond. Frequently,...

INTRODUCTIONThe use of technology in the academic environment is not a new concept. Higher education institutions often utilize online Learning Management Systems (LMS) such as BlackBoard and Canvas. In addition, technology in the classroom has expanded...

BACKGROUNDU. S. corporate tax inversion, subsequently referred to as inversion, is a common practice in today's business world (Jeffers, 2014). In a typical inversion, a U.S. multinational corporation merges with a foreign company. The entity that ultimately...

INTRODUCTIONA number of questions come to mind about investors in corporate securities in 1928, one short year before the debacle of the stock market crash of 1929. Was it simply the case that they did not know any better? Or, were they so intent on...

INTRODUCTIONThis paper is a review of accounting education literature on taxation education in the United States consisting of 40 articles selected from five primary accounting education journals; (1) Issues in Accounting Education; (2) Journal of Accounting...

INTRODUCTIONBased on the recommendation of the U.S. Treasury Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession (U.S. Dept. of Treasury, 2008), the American Accounting Association (AAA) and the Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) created the...

INTRODUCTIONTaxes, in some form, have existed since the development of the earliest civilizations. Early rulers realized that funds had to be extracted from its citizens in order to support the operation of the government and provide basic services to...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONBanks perform a vital function in our economy and banking regulation aims to provide stability to the financial sector. It aims to protect customers, workers and taxpayers from moral hazards that are...

I.INTRODUCTIONStudies show that the average cash holdings of U.S. firms dramatically increased over recent years. According to Bates et al. (2009), the average corporate cash ratio increased by 12.7% from 1980 to 2006. What's more, US multinational firms...

INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, the U.S. court system has entertained a wave of litigation with regard to the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses of the U.S. Constitution. While many of the cases deal with the necessity for government to be neutral...

INTRODUCTIONEthics research in the accounting domain is an expanding field of study. A growing number of accounting studies have investigated the relationship between level of moral reasoning and behavior; however, they are relatively narrow in scope....

INTRODUCTIONWhile current headlines warn of the mounting U.S. debt and the debt obligations of many states and localities, and past headlines have highlighted financial crises and burgeoning debt in places such as Detroit, Illinois, New York, and Greece,...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONAn efficient and effective capital market needs a transparent financial reporting system to increase investors' confidence in making investment decisions. Financial information should be of high quality...

INTRODUCTIONWe explore seasonality in small stocks from various perspectives for the period January 1926 to December 2013. We look at the seasonality firstly for the whole data period, and then to get deeper insight, we look at seasonality in sub-periods...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONIn this study we examine predictors of audit reporting lag in school districts located in New York State (NYS). Using survey data collected from school districts located in Long Island, we also explore...

INTRODUCTIONIn the United States, employers and employees both pay employment taxes, sometimes called FICA taxes. These taxes, which can be divided into the Social Security tax and the Medicare tax, are collected to help fund Social Security and Medicare...

INTRODUCTIONAccording to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE, 2016) Report to the Nation, a typical organization loses 5% of revenue due to fraud. The total estimated loss due to occupational fraud is $6.3 billion. The loss per case was...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONThe financial crisis of 2008, considered by many to be the worst since the Depression of the 1930s, began in the US financial sector but quickly spread to global markets and other sectors of the US...

INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of gender and age on CPA examination state pass rates in 2013, 2014, and 2015. The effects of age and gender on pass rates are presented for both first-time and overall examination results....

INTRODUCTIONBoth the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have issued goodwill accounting standards that are essentially converged, except in the area of impairment measurement. Goodwill...

INTRODUCTIONThe history of accounting is thousands of years old and can be traced back to 4000 B.C. where records of income from temples in lower Mesopotamia have been discovered (ICAEW, 2015). According to Peragallo, the earliest double entry records...

INTRODUCTIONThe 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act has impacted public accounting firms auditing publicly-held companies and many other stakeholders, including audit committees and internal auditors (Cohen et al, 2013). In addition, the NYSE and NASDAQ stock exchanges...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRUDUCTIONThe use of cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis has application not only in the manufacturing sector but also for financial services entities (Basu et al. 1994). Despite a considerable research literature...

INTRODUCTIONMany may remember the corporate accounting scandals involving the collapses of Enron Corporation and WorldCom. Enron, the nation's seventh largest corporation according to its reported revenues, was proven to be a house of cards resulting...

INTRODUCTIONAn important entry-level position for a large number of accounting students is that of auditor. Thus, it is important that these students are well prepared to undertake the duties and assignments of an auditor and to understand the importance...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONIn our previous research (Djerdjouri and Kandiel, 2013), we closely examined the performance and productivity changes of public accounting firms in the United Kingdom by selecting a sample of 43 of...

INTRODUCTIONAs a result of significant corporate tax disparity between the United States and other developed countries, businesses are exploring and utilizing many options to move income to lower tax nations. A US based company might use foreign marketing...

INTRODUCTIONDecision-makers in all but the smallest organizations typically rely on information supplied by others in the organization as a basis for their decisions. Two aspects of this information are important. First, information must be relevant...

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEWEquity mutual funds are often classified by their investment "style," as defined and assigned by Morningstar. Categories are differentiated by size (large cap, mid cap, small cap) in one dimension with investment orientation...

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDThere are typically three options for accomplishing specific instruction in business ethics. Business curricula may mandate a course external to the business school in ethics or business ethics specifically from a course within...

INTRODUCTIONJim Riddle stared at the report he had just printed out. It showed that sales for his employer, Classy Cuisine Fine Dining, had been flat for the last five months. Jim had just left a meeting with Classy Cuisine's general manager (GM) and...

BACKGROUNDThe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's (PCAOB) (2002) AU Section 341 addresses auditors' duties regarding the going concern assumption used in auditing publicly traded firms. Based on American Institute of Certified Public Accountants...

HH PPS STANDARDIZED NATIONAL 60-DAY EPISODE RATEBeginning October 1, 2000, as required by the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 and its related amendments, BBA changed the way it reimbursed home health agencies for Medicare covered home health services...

INTRODUCTIONAccording to the most recent U.S. Census, as of 2013, approximately 12.6% of the population has a severe mental or physical disability (Employment and Disability Institute, 2013 Disability Status Report, Cornell University, 2015, p. 5). Disabled...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONOn July 21, 2010, President Barack Obama signed the Wall Street Reform and Customer Protection Act into law. This Act is commonly known as the DoddFrank Act, bearing the name of its sponsors. The Act...

Editor and Co-authors' note: Upon review and with minor revisions, this research paper was accepted for publication soon before the premature death of Professor John Kim in April 2015. We dedicate this paper to his honor.INTRODUCTIONIn recent years,...

INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of financial ratios on stock prices in Latin America. Mexico and Latin America have growing economies, and their publicly traded companies attract investors world-wide due to, in many cases,...

INTRODUCTIONA recent report by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (Abel and Deitz, 2014) indicates that while the aggregate student loan debt exceeds one trillion, nearly 11 percent of loans are in default or severely delinquent. The Fed study examines...

INTRODUCTIONMajor business scandals of early 2000 (e.g., Enron, WorldCom) and more recent sub-prime mortgage crisis have raised questions about auditor's independence with respect to the companies they audit. Much of the recent research in this area...

INTRODUCTIONStock buybacks by U.S. corporations involves the annual expenditure of hundreds of billions of dollars of corporate cash. This paper looks at the current environment of stock buybacks, the points made in defense of buybacks and the criticisms...

INTRODUCTIONInscribed on the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) building in Washington, D.C., is a quote from former Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.: Taxes are what we pay for a civilized society. The collection of taxes is vital to the...

INTRODUCTIONThe Pathways Commission on Accounting Higher Education was created in response to a recommendation from the U.S. Treasury Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession (U.S. Dept, of Treasury, 2008). The Commission, created by the American...

INTRODUCTIONThe origin of the Internal Revenue Service can be traced back 150 years to the Civil War when President Abraham Lincoln and Congress established the Bureau of Internal Revenue (Bureau) in conjunction with the enactment of the first income...

INTRODUCTIONEnterprise risk management (ERM) has its roots in the late 1990s, as companies searched for ways to provide more effective and proactive containment of their business risks. They sought to put aside the traditional "silo" approach to risk...

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONCVP analysis is based on a set of underlying assumptions. These assumptions are that the following parameters will remain fixed over a relevant range of output volume: fixed costs in total, price per...

INTRODUCTIONDuring any economic recession, citizens are less likely to file returns and pay owed taxes. At the same time, income levels in the aggregate and therein tax revenues available to collect decline. As tax collections decline, government budgets,...

INTRODUCTIONAlthough higher education in the U.S. is thought to be the best in the world, it is suffering from escalating costs (Immerwahr, 2004; Symonds, 2003). Since the 1990's college tuition and fees have increased by 439% (Callan, 2008). In 2000,...

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTIONAnnually, at firm sponsored events for tax faculty a major point of discussion is the shortage of tax graduates for available positions. The number of graduates with an interest in tax is not keeping pace with the need of the...

INTRODUCTIONBoth students and institutions involved with accounting education are usually very interested in CPA exam success because it is the necessary requirement for licensure and long-term success in the public accounting profession. While there...

INTRODUCTIONWith the growing number of students at degree-granting postsecondary institutions, enrollment has continued to increase in the accounting programs across the country (NCES, 2011). According to the AICPA's latest report on supply of accounting...

ABSTRACT: This paper describes the increasing use of fair value accounting under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) compared to the traditional use of historical cost accounting. Acquisition costs, especially for financial assets, used...

ABSTRACT: the sarbanes-oxley act (sox) of 2002 was, no doubt, the most significant accounting and auditing legislation enacted in recent history. One of the major components of this law was the creation of the public company accounting oversight board...

ABSTRACTSino-Forest, a Chinese forestry company that trades on the Toronto Stock Exchange, came under fire in the summer of 2011 under allegations that it had improperly inflated its reported revenue and the extent of its timber holdings. After a June...

ABSTRACT: With an increasing focus on graduation and retention rates, many programs have reevaluated their policies in order to help students identify early the most suitable major for their individual skill sets. Included in these are retention policies...

ABSTRACTPrior to 2005, ethics topics were integrated throughout the curriculum for accounting education. In July 2005, the Texas State Board of Public Accountancy (TSBPA) implemented a requirement that students pass a 3-credit-hour Ethics course that...

ABSTRACT: There is a reduced probability that bond mutual funds can generate economic returns that outpace bond market benchmarks. Given the relatively narrow range of outcomes (compared with equity funds), costs and net returns are inextricably interlinked....

ABSTRACTIn the early months of every year, taxes are on the minds of many US citizens as they prepare to file and pay their most recent federal income taxes. The goals of this research are to study public perceptions of the IRS prior to the reporting...

ABSTRACTIn Davis v Commissioner, 716 F.3d 560, (CA-11, 2013) , the Eleventh Circuit recently ruled that the exercise of stock options by an individual shareholder of a closely held S corporation was taxable as a compensatory transfer of property for...

ABSTRACTThis paper briefly reviews the history of the student loan crisis. It presents some factual data about the absolute volume of student borrowing and its rate of increase, loan default rates, and actual and expected costs of education. It explores...

ABSTRACT: In 1997, President Bill Clinton signed the Taxpayer Relief Act (P.L. 105-34) into law, which included several targeted tax provisions aimed at assisting middle-income taxpayers in paying for college tuition costs. Two specific enacted provisions...

ABSTRACTThis study provides empirical evidence regarding the effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) on the stock price of firms emerging from Chapter 11. Extant literature indicates that the stock price of firms emerging from Chapter 11 tends to be significantly...

ABSTRACT : Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) systems are designed to allow an organization to successfully understand, plan for, and deal with risks that may be present in their organization or environment. According to the COSO model, ERM is an enterprise-wide...

ABSTRACTAs required by the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 and its related amendments, Medicare began to reimburse home health agencies under the new Home Health Prospective Payment System (HHPPS) for services beginning October 1, 2000. Under HHPPS,...

ABSTRACTIn October of 2008, the U.S. Treasury launched the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). The purpose of TARP was to promote stability for financial institutions primarily in association with the subprime mortgage debacle. Upon its inception,...

ABSTRACTIn 1925 the dream of exceptional returns drew Main Street investors to Wall Street by the thousands. Long the province of bankers and sophisticated large investors, the public equity markets now played a crescendo chorus of easy riches for small...

ABSTRACTFor the past 20 years accounting regulatory bodies have recommended companies experiment with disclosing proprietary information that explains their investment potential to investors. Underlying this request for more transparency is the presumption...

ABSTRACTThis paper presents background information on the Sustainability Concept, Global Reporting Initiative and the Balanced Scorecard. The sustainability reports of four universities are considered with the University of North Carolina's sustainability...

ABSTRACTAccounting educators and licensing authorities believe ethics should be incorporated into accounting curriculums. Some favor integration into the curriculum over a stand-alone course. This paper presents the advantage of a stand-alone accounting...

ABSTRACTThe number of publicly-traded firms that have voluntarily adopted clawback provisions in executive compensation packages has grown significantly since 2005. Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) gives the SEC the power to recover certain...

ABSTRACTIn Hall v. U.S., 132 S. Ct. 1882 (2012), the Supreme Court ruled that federal income tax liabilities due to individual debtors' sales of farm assets during the pendency of a Chapter 12 bankruptcy reorganization are not subject to collection or...

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews in some detail the 1913 tax legislation since it represents the beginnings of modern taxation policy. Earlier attempts to create an income tax based system were not very successful. Most taxes enacted from the Revolutionary...

ABSTRACTThis study adopts a content analysis to investigate the cross-sectional variations in depreciation methods coverage in ten introductory accounting textbooks in two different time periods (1996 and 2010/11). The results show that the sum-of-the-years'-digits...

ABSTRACTIn this paper we examine the productivity growth as well as efficiency and technical changes in a sample of 43 UK accounting firms between 2009 and 2012. Data Envelopment analysis and the Malmquist index are used to, respectively evaluate performance...

ABSTRACT:The mini-cases are designed to help students develop the skills to research the Accounting Standard Codification. The mini-cases are also designed to help students improve their writing skills by learning and practicing audit documentation....

ABSTRACTThe emergence of currency exchange traded funds (ETFs) has provided an alternative vehicle for both speculation and hedging in the currency markets. Because currency ETFs typically have small minimum transaction sizes and trade like equities,...

ABSTRACTUnder current US GAAP and iGAAP (i.e., IFRSs), alternative formats for statement presentation are allowed with transactions/events not necessarily being reported or classified consistently from one statement to another. The FASB and the IASB...

ABSTRACTIn 2002 The Financial Accounting Standards Board and the International Accounting Standards Board announced their intention to develop high-quality, compatible accounting standards that could be used for both domestic and cross-border financial...

ABSTRACTThe Japanese government announced the delay of a road map for IFRS adoption for publicly traded companies due to potential costs to Japanese companies already hard hit from the 2011 earthquake and tsunami (The Accountant 2011). Previously, the...

ABSTRACTMandatory audit firm rotation has been discussed by accounting academics, regulators and practitioners for decades. Recently, the Chairman of the PCAOB and the former head of the SEC have stated support for the concept because of the perception...

ABSTRACTThis paper illustrates the factors considered by U.S. manufacturing corporations in determining where to locate a new manufacturing facility. The U.S. government, state government, local governing bodies, and foreign governments offer a variety...

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the ordering of information (pro-client or pro-IRS) and its effect on the tax professional's belief of whether to disclose the tax position taken on behalf of the client to the IRS. Tax professionals were assigned to one...

ABSTRACTThe first-time homebuyer tax credit was first legislated in 2008. It was amended in early 2009 and again in November 2009. Previous papers have explained the limitations of and qualifications for the credit, both as originally legislated and...

ABSTRACTThis study obtains the opinions of two important constituent groups for higher education accounting programs: (1) public accountants and (2) non-public accountants, regarding the importance of accounting-related skills and topics to be covered...

ABSTRACTThis study is based on surveys of student satisfaction of a management accounting simulation, used in a sophomore/junior-level managerial accounting course, required for all non-accounting business students. The simulation requires that students,...

ABSTRACTThis study examines the relationship between incidents of plagiarism and ethics pedagogy in a 2x2 full factorial, between subjects, quasiexperimental design using the General Linear Model. An objective surrogate is used to approximate the level...